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d). Dome sizeDome's size (as illustrated by dotted circle lines) does not play as important role in contrast to the number of square plan units in the mosque design. The master builders had less focus on expanding a diameter of the pedentive dome (Unsal, 1973). They were instead mastering on composing a mosque with a combination of square plan units with dome roof cover used either multiple or rrx0904041 technique to determine the mosque size. By this design (unlike Hagia Sophia), there is no need to have massive pier supports (buttresses) or in case with large pedentive dome mosques like Suleimaniye or Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul and Banya Bashi Mosque in Sofia, Bulgaria; minimum pier supports are needed (Unsal, 1973 and Goodwin, 2005). During this period, the only available construction technique is based on load bearing wall construction. There is yet an existence of structural rib vault and dome as well as pointed arch, vault and dome construction.

Round arch and dome therefore are the only construction rrx0904042 at that time which are able to specify the building size in a long span construction concept. Compared to pointed dome, round dome has the same radius of its width and height. This means that when the width is constructed longer, its height should be constructed higher. There are therefore a risk and limitation in designing load bearing pedentive dome construction, and the rrx0904043 master builders prefer to avoid this risk and have more precaution on its safety.e). Hierarchical dome system in plan designAs indicated in the plan layout, hierarchical order in a design of pedentive domes is popular in Ottoman mosque construction. Most mosques in this region have three types of the dome sizes which are primary, secondary and tertiary domes.

Many mosques have only one primary dome but in some cases, there are mosques with more than one primary domes used in the design. Primary dome's plan unit covers an area of the main prayer hall. All mosques, except mosques with single dome's plan design, have secondary domes built with the primary dome (Saoud, 2004). The number of secondary domes used in the design is depending on the size needed for rrx0904044 prayer spaces and rooms allocated for congregational Friday prayer. The other dome type is tertiary domes, which normally function as roof covers for corridor areas known as riwaqs.6. ConclusionPedentive dome is an important element in a plan design of the Ottoman mosque architecture during 13th to 15th century. Pedentive dome is a construction of a dome above dome's construction system, which creates a vast interior and multiple volume spaces. The design emphasis is however not focussing to the dome (except single dome plan design) but it is to the number of square plan units to determine dimension of the prayer halls.